Glossary

Gang

An identifiable group of people (highly organized or loosely
structured) who form an alliance for a common purpose which identifies with or
claims territory in the community. Members engage either individually or
collectively in antisocial or unlawful activity/activities and frequently create
an atmosphere of fear and intimidation.^[5]

Gang-Identifying Terms

Clothing, accessories, make-up, markings, or other items/material that identifies a student as a member of a gang.^[5]

Gifted and Talented

As defined by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001:^[3]

The term gifted and talented', when used with respect to students, children, or youth, means students, children, or youth who give evidence of high achievement capability in areas such as intellectual, creative, artistic, or leadership capacity, or in specific academic fields, and who need services or activities not ordinarily provided by the school in order to fully develop those capabilities.

Gradual Exit Program

A bilingual education program designed by Krashen (1996) in which students gradually transition from native language classes to classes in English. At first, the native language is used for all subjects (except ESL and art, music and physical education). At a later stage, the first language is used for those subjects that are difficult to make comprehensible for those limited in English (social studies and language arts), while English is used in those subjects that are easier to contextualize (math, science). Finally, English is used for all subjects.

Grammar-translation Approach

The historically dominant method of second language teaching in school. Students were expected to memorize vocabulary and verb declensions, learn rules of grammar and their exceptions, take dictation, and translate written passages. The emphasis was on literacy development rather than the acquisition of oral/aural skills (Baker, 2001).